Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 8 Articles
Fast dissolving tablets are well established dosage forms available in the market. These are novel types of tablets that disintegrate/dissolve/ disperse in saliva within few seconds. The numerous advantages that they offer to the patients in terms of compliance as well as to the manufacturers in terms of huge revenues by line extension of products are well known. In spite of such popularity, there seems to be lack of a standardized system to characterize these dosage forms. This review article attempts to present a various technology for preparation and patented technology of this novel type of dosage form along with the advances made so far in the area of evaluation with respect to special characteristics of these unique dosage forms....
Mucoadhesion is a field which well-liked in the design of drug delivery systems. Mucoadhesive drug delivery system enhance the residence time of the dosage form at the site of application or absorption and make possible a close contact of the dosage form with the mucosal surface and improved therapeutic performance of the drug. Now several mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been developed for oral, nasal, buccal, rectal and vaginal routes for systemic and local effects. Within the buccal mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. From the various routes of drug delivery system, the oral route is often preferred by the patient. On the other hand, peroral administration of drugs having a some disadvantages like hepatic first-pass metabolism and enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract which constitutes a difficulty to oral administration of certain classes of drugs, particularly peptides and proteins.In this paper, mechanism of mucoadhesion, factors affecting mucoadhesion, anatomy of gastrointestinal tract, permeation enhancers and evaluation methods have been carried out....
The purpose of the study was to prolong the gastric residence time of Repaglinide by designing its floating tablets and to study the influence of different polymers on its release rate. Formulations of Repaglinide containing varying concentrations of polymers were designed. The floating matrix tablets of Repaglinide were prepared by direct compression method. The prepared tablets were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as hardness, floating properties (floating lag time, floating time and matrix integrity), swelling studies and drug content. The physicochemical parameters of formulated tablets were found to be within normal range. All the formulations showed good matrix integrity and retarded the release of drug for nine hours. The release pattern of Repaglinide was fitted to different models based on coefficient of correlation (r). All the formulations, except F1 and F2 showed Korsemeyer-Peppas model as the best fit model. Formulation F1 and F2 showed Matrix type model. The formulations F6 was found to be optimized and follows Peppas model for drug release suggesting that the drug release is anomalous from dosage form. The swelling studies of all the formulations showed that formulations containing Xanthan gum has higher swelling indices than Methocel K15M and Methocel K4M. It can be concluded that formulations with higher swelling indices retarded the release of drugs more than those with lower swelling indices....
Felodipine is a vasoselective calcium channel antagonist of the dihydropyridine class used in the management of hypertension, with a bioavailability of 15% due to first pass metabolism. We, therefore, aimed to develop a bilayer buccoadhesive tablet of felodipine to avoid presystemic metabolism. Permeation of the drug across the buccal mucosa along with the maximum unidirectional release and full erosion of the tablet in 3h was the objective. From the nine formulations tried, batch F9 containing xanthan gum and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) in 2:1 ratio gave the good results for hardness. There was no variation in thickness and weight of tablet. Also tablets passed the friability test. The swelling index, in vitro residence time and in vitro bioadhesion force was found to be 70%, 187±0.029 min and 410±0.02 dyne/cm2 respectively. F9 formulation showed the Matrix (Higuchi) model. According to Matrix (Higuchi) model, the drug release from insoluble matrix is directly proportional to square root of time and is based on fickian diffusion. It reveals that the mechanism of drug release is predominantly diffusion with relatively minor contribution of polymer as well. The overall rate of drug release at 3 h increased with increasing amount of permeation enhancer and polymer (xanthan gum) and maximum release of 98% was obtained....
Convulsion is an episode of abnormal violent and involuntary contraction of the muscle movements. It occurs when brain cells become too active and disorganized in their electrical properties. The plant is well known for its antiinflammatory, anticancer, antistress and immunomodulatory, adaptogenic, endocrine and cardiovascular activities In the present study, an attempt had been made to develop and evaluate the herbal orodispersible tablets of an alkaloid rich fraction of Withania somnifera Dunal of family Solanaceae which disperses in the oral cavity and give enhanced dissolution rate with improved patient compliance. The tablet weighing 100 mg was evaluated and tested for pharmaceutical characters. The dissolution rate was studied using 6.8pH Po4 buffer and 0.1N HCl for release time of 20 min....
The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of the drug to the proper site in the body to achieve promptly, and then maintain, the desired drug concentration. That is, the drug delivery system should deliver drug at a rate dictated by the needs of the body over the period of treatment. The oral route remains the most acceptable route of drug administration because of low cost of therapy, ease of administration, and improved patient compliance. The floating drug delivery system with respect to various characteristics is essential to precisely control dosage form behavior and ensure batch-to-batch uniformity. The Floating tablets were prepared by conventional wet granulation, method by using different concentration of different polymer within the formulation. The objective of present study is to prepare and evaluate sustained release floating tablet of omeprazole by evaluation and optimizes with marketed product. Omeprazole are used to relive acid indigestion, upset stomach, sour stomach, and heartburn. It has rapid onset of action and they are free from side effects because they act locally in the stomach without being absorbed in the gastrointestinal mucosa and are most appropriate for rapid relief of gastric discomfort for a short period of time. The present work was, therefore, planned to design a floating tablet of omeprazole. It was intended that the immediate release of the formulation would retain the advantage of quick onset of action....
The aim of the present study is to design and characterize an oral, pulsatile drug delivery system of Ivabradine HCl (IBH) intended to approximate the chronobiology of angina pectoris, proposed for colonic targeting. It is a chronopharmaceutical approach for the better treatment of angina pectoris. In this study, investigation of an oral colon specific, pulsatile device to achieve time or site specific release of IBH, based on chronopharmaceutical considerations. Bodies of hard gelatin capsules were treated with formaldehyde keeping the caps as such. Ivabradine HCl microspheres prepared by solvent evaporation method using eudragit L-100 and eudragit S-100 in the ratio 1:2 were incorporated into these specialized capsule shells and plugged with polymers guar gum and HPMC individually at concentrations 20 mg and 40 mg, to maintain a suitable lag period and it was found that the drug release was controlled by the proportion of polymers used. Finally the filled capsules were completely coated with cellulose acetate phthalate to prevent variable gastric emptying. Based on the concept that a formulation on leaving the stomach, arrives at the ileocaecal junction in about 5 to 6 hours after administration and difference in pH throughout GIT, a time and pH dependent pulsatile drug delivery system is designed. The results shows that significant drug release occur after 5 h from the start of experiment. Thus, we can conclude that IBH could be successfully colon targeted by the use of the modified Pulsincap, thereby reducing the systemic side effects....
A Transdermal Patch is an adhesive patch that has a coating of medicine (drug) that is placed on the skin to deliver specific dose of the medicine (drug) into the bloodstream over a period of time. The skin can be used as the site for drug administration for continuous transdermal drug infusion into the systemic circulation. For the continuous diffusion/penetration of the drugs through the intact skin surface membrane-moderated systems, matrix dispersion type systems, adhesive diffusion controlled systems and micro reservoir systems have been developed. Various penetration enhancers are used for the drug diffusion through skin. This review article provide a valuable information of the principles of trasdermal permeation, various components of transdermal patch, approaches of transdermal patch, evaluation of transdermal system....
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